A plain-language explanation
Internal linking is the creation of links between subpages of the same website to facilitate navigation and organize the information structure.
Where it helps in practice
Internal links guide people and crawlers through related pages and express structure more usefully than raw link count.
The decision before implementation
Prioritise key journeys, descriptive anchors and orphan pages instead of auto-linking every keyword occurrence.
How to verify the result
Measure click depth, crawl behaviour, user paths, indexing and effects on priority sections.