A plain-language explanation
Sitelinks are additional links to important parts of a website that may appear below the main search result or in an ad.
Where it helps in practice
Sitelinks are additional links selected by the search engine from structure and query context; site owners do not set them directly.
The decision before implementation
Improve architecture, titles, linking and page importance rather than trying to force one shortcut set.
How to verify the result
Review shown destinations, user usefulness and exposure of stale or inappropriate pages.